James Bay Lithium Project Update Confirms Strong Project Economics
BRISBANE, Australia, Sept. 25, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Allkem Limited (ASX |TSX: AKE) (“*Allkem” *or the* “Company”*) is pleased to announce a project update for its wholly owned James Bay Lithium Project (“*James Bay*” or the “*Project*”) located in Québec, Canada. This update builds on the recently announced Mineral Resource update (11 August 2023) and the prior feasibility study (“*FS*”) results released on 21 December 2021.
*HIGHLIGHTS*
· Updated Feasibility Study confirms a robust, high-value hard rock lithium operation utilising renewable hydropower
· Material ~108% increase in pre-tax Net Present Value (“*NPV”*) to US$2.9 billion with a strong internal rate of return and short payback period
*Project Details *
· Recently announced Total Mineral Resource of 110.2 Mt at 1.30% Li[2]O, including 54.3 Mt at 1.30% Li[2]O in the Indicated Category, and 55.9 Mt at 1.29% Li[2]O in the Inferred Category with further drilling planned to test possible extensions to mineralisation
· Ore Reserve of 37.3 Mt at 1.27% Li[2]O provides a long life, low cost spodumene operation and remains in line with permitting considerations
· Average annual production of 311 ktpa of spodumene concentrate with an 18.8-year mine life
· Shallow, near-surface mineralisation ideal for open cut mining with a low life-of-mine (“*LOM”*) strip ratio of 3.6:1
· 2 Mtpa process plant design remains unchanged from 2021 FS, producing a 6.0% Li[*2*]O spodumene concentrate with operational flexibility to produce a 5.6% Li[*2*]O spodumene concentrate
· Very similar process design and flowsheet to that already successfully employed at Mt Cattlin
· Low-cost, sustainable source of hydropower now installed to site
· Strong relationships with the Cree Nation of Eastmain, Cree Nation Government and all stakeholders
*Project Financials *
· Increase of the capital cost estimate (“*CAPEX*”) to US$381.5 million, representing a 33.8% increase on the December 2021 FS, in line with inflationary conditions
· Cash operating costs (FOB Montreal) of US$407 per tonne of 5.6% Li[2]O concentrate also reflecting inflationary conditions
· Pre-tax NPV of US$2.9 billion at an 8% discount rate and post-tax NPV of US$1.7 billion reflecting an increase in lithium price assumptions and market outlook
· Pre-tax Internal Rate of Return (“*IRR”*) of 62.2% and pre-tax payback period of 1.4 years
· Post-tax Internal Rate of Return (“*IRR”*) of 45.4% and post-tax payback period of 1.7 years
*Project Execution *
· Detailed engineering and procurement activities progressed at 80% supporting the updated cost estimate and bringing the project ready for approximately 19 months of construction once provincial authorisation is obtained
· Impact and Benefit Agreement (“*IBA*”) discussions and Provincial Environmental and Social Impact Studies Review (COMEX) are in final stages
· Further carbon studies and initiatives underway to align the project to Allkem’s target of net-zero emissions by 2035
*Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Martin Perez de Solay commented *
“The Feasibility Study Update results confirm the exceptional value that will be generated for all stakeholders through the development of this project. Inflationary impacts on operating and capital costs are within expectations and as seen at other projects, however the project economics remain strong with an increase of more than 100% in the pre-tax NPV to US$2.9 billion reflecting an increase in lithium price assumptions and market outlook.
“Pleasingly, there remains significant potential for this resource to grow as we conduct further drilling to test extensions of the recently upgraded resource of 110 million tonnes.”
*PROJECT BACKGROUND*
The Project is located in northern Québec, approximately 130 km east of James Bay and the Cree Nation of Eastmain community as illustrated in Figure 1. The Company is proposing to develop a spodumene mine located adjacent to the Billy Diamond Highway (formerly the James Bay Highway) which provides access to key infrastructure in the region.
The Company has updated the Feasibility Study and technical report in accordance with NI 43-101 and S-K 1300 guidelines, in preparation for the proposed merger between the Company and Livent.
*GEOLOGY & MINERALISATION*
The Project is in the northeastern part of the Superior Province and lies within the Lower Eastmain Group of the Eastmain greenstone belt. This area predominantly consists of amphibolite grade mafic to felsic metavolcanic rocks, metasedimentary rocks and minor gabbroic intrusions.
The pegmatites delineated on the property to date are oriented in a generally parallel direction to each other and are separated by barren host rock of sedimentary origin (metamorphosed to amphibolite facies). They form irregular dikes attaining up to 60 m in width and over 300 m in length. The pegmatites crosscut the regional foliation at a high angle, striking to the south-southwest and dipping moderately to the west-northwest.
Spodumene mineralisation at James Bay is coarse grained, high grade and outcrops along strike, supporting excellent recoveries, low strip ratio and open cut mining. No significant deleterious lithium mineralisation has been identified to date.
In 2023, new pegmatite dykes were discovered to the NW of known mineralisation which were incorporated into the Inferred Category of an updated Mineral Resource announced on 11 August 2023.
*RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE*
The Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimates set out below have been prepared in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 2012 (JORC), the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (2014) and the CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines (2019). Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are classified using the JORC Code. The confidence categories assigned under the JORC Code were reconciled to the confidence categories in the CIM Definition Standards. As the confidence category definitions are the same, no modifications to the confidence categories were required.
Although Ore Reserves are referred to in this announcement, they are analogous to Mineral Reserves as described in NI 43-101 Standards for Disclosure. Competent Persons (JORC) are analogous to Qualified Persons (NI 43-101).
*Mineral Resource Estimate *
An updated Mineral Resource Estimate *(“MRE”)* was announced on 11 August 2023 and was based on a total of 104,000 m of drilling and channelling from 655 drill holes, with a drill hole database cut-off date of 19 May 2023. This updated MRE includes an additional 37,500 m of drilling conducted since the previous feasibility study.
The resource estimation work was completed by SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. *(“SLR”)*, an independent consulting firm based in Toronto, Canada. The pegmatite dykes have been classified based on a 40 m to 50 m spacing for Indicated Mineral Resources, and approximately an 80 m spacing for Inferred Mineral Resources.
The tonnages and grade of the updated Mineral Resource are shown in Table 1.
*Table 1: James Bay Mineral Resource Estimate – Effective date 30 June 2023*
*Category* *Tonnage* *Grade* *Contained lithium oxide/LCE**
*
*Mt* *% Li*[*2*]*O* *(‘000) t Li*[*2*]*O* *(‘000) t LCE*
Measured - - - -
Indicated 54.3 1.30 706 1,746
*Measured + Indicated* *54.3* *1.30* *706* *1,746*
Inferred 55.9 1.29 724 1,790
*Total Mineral Resource* *110.2* *1.30* *1,430* *3,537*
Notes:
1. The Independent Competent Person, as defined by the JORC Code 2012, responsible for the preparation of this MRE is Mr. Luke Evans, P.Eng, a full-time employee of SLR. Mr. Evans is a member of L’Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec, a Recognised Professional Organisation defined by the JORC Code 2012. The effective date of the mineral resource is the 30^th June 2023 (erroneously identified as Aug. 9, 2023 in the earlier news release).
2. The Mineral Resource Estimate has been reported within a conceptual pit shell at a cut-off grade of 0.50% Li[2]O
3. The Mineral Resources are Inclusive of Ore Reserves.
4. The conceptual pit shell used to constrain the MRE has been defined using a spodumene concentrate price of US$1,500 per tonne, an exchange rate of CAD:US$ of 1.33, a total ore-based cost of CAD33.92 per tonne, a mining cost of CAD4.82 per tonne, a concentrate transport cost of CAD86.16 per tonne, and a metallurgical recovery of 70.1%.
5. The statements of Mineral Resources conform to the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the JORC Code) 2012 edition.
6. Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves, as they do not demonstrate economic viability.
7. The Competent Persons are not aware of any problem related to the environment, permits or mining titles, or related to legal, fiscal, socio‐political, commercial issues, or any other relevant factor that could have a significant impact on this MRE.
8. The number of tonnes has been rounded to the nearest 100,000 tonnes, with any discrepancies observed in the totals due to rounding effects.
9. All tonnages reported are dry metric tonnes.
*Ore Reserve Estimate*
The Ore Reserve of 37.3 Mt at an average grade of 1.27% Li[2]O was prepared by SLR and remains virtually unchanged since the previous feasibility study (Table 2).
*Table 2: James Bay Ore Reserve – Effective date 30 June 2023*
*Category* *Tonnage* *Grade* *Contained Metal*
*Mt* *% Li2O* *(‘000) t Li*[*2*]*O*
Proven - - -
Probable 37.3 1.27 474
*Proven + Probable* *37.3* *1.27* *474*
Notes:
1. The Independent Competent Person, as defined by the JORC Code 2012, responsible for the preparation of the Ore Reserve estimate is Mr. Normand Lecuyer, P.Eng., an employee of SLR. Mr. Lecuyer is a member of L’Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec (License No. 34914), a Recognised Professional Organisation defined by the JORC Code 2012. Effective date of the estimate is June 30^th, 2023.
2. Ore Reserves are estimated using the following metal prices (Li[2]O Conc = US$ 1,500/t Li[2]O at 6.0% Li[2]O) and an exchange rate of CAD/US$ 1.33.
3. A minimum mining width of 5 m was used.
4. A cut-off grade of 0.62% Li[2]O was used.
5. The bulk density of ore is variable, is outlined in the geological block model, and averages 2.7 g/cm^3.
6. The average strip ratio is 3.6:1.
7. The average mining dilution factor is 8.7% at 0.42% Li[2]O.
8. Numbers may not add due to rounding
Details of data collection and resource and reserve estimation techniques, methodology and material assumptions are provided in the JORC Table 1 checklist set out in Appendix A.
*MINING AND PROCESSING*
*Mining *
Mine engineering was performed by SLR and a summary of the key physicals are displayed in Table 3 below.
*Table 3: Summary of LOM Physicals for an estimated 19-year mine life*
*Key Physicals * *UoM* *Feasibility Study *
Mined material grade (after mining dilution) % Li[2]O 1.27
Strip ratio X : 1 3.6
Spodumene Concentrate Produced (total after transport losses) kdmt 5,846
Spodumene Concentrate Produced (annual average) kdmt 311
Recovery (LOM average) % 68.9 %
Spodumene Concentrate Grade % Li[2]O 5.6
The pegmatite deposit will be mined by conventional open pit methods. All material will require drilling and blasting and will be removed using mining excavators and haul trucks. The preliminary pit design extends approximately 2km NW/SE along the strike of the pegmatite mineralisation and has an average width of 500 m. The design is divided into three pits with depths of 160 m, 170 m and 260 m.
Mining is scheduled to achieve low waste stripping in the initial years with a gradual increase later in the mine life. The average strip ratio for the LOM plan is 3.6:1. Waste rock will be hauled to multiple Waste Rock and Tailings Storage Facilities (“*WRTSF*”) and run of mine (“*ROM*”) feed material will be hauled to the ROM pad, located to the northeast of the pits.
Figure 2 is based on the preliminary mine plan / LOM schedule and shows the mine plan tonnages by year with pre-strip activities commencing two years prior (Y-2 and Y-1) to first production (Y1). Mining covers 19 years of production with 132.7 Mt of waste rock, and 37.3 Mt of ROM feed material for a total of 170.0 Mt of material mined.
In the pre-production period, the ROM material generated will be stockpiled for processing during production years. Site preparation including tree clearing, grubbing and peat/topsoil removal will occur during the Project construction phase.
*Figure 2: Annual mined material and stripping ratio *
Surface mining equipment requirements are based on mining 10 m benches. Conventional excavator and truck fleet will be sized to meet the planned tonnage requirements to feed the concentrator at 2Mtpa. Haul trucks are required to transport tailings from the plant to the proposed waste rock and dry stacked tailings stockpile areas.
*Processing *
Process Plant engineering was performed by Wave International (“*Wave*”), an Australian-based engineering company with global development experience.
The process design is based on an annual throughput of 2Mt of ore to produce a final product grade of 6.0% Li[2]O, with operational flexibility to produce a concentrate grade of 5.6% Li[2]O. The selected process incorporates a similar flowsheet to the Mt Cattlin Mine and is based on crushing and dense medium separation (“*DMS*”).
Processing involves a conventional three-stage crushing circuit, followed by a DMS plant (Figure 3). Similar to Mt Cattlin, crystal sizes are coarse and therefore grinding and flotation methods are not necessary, contributing to low operating costs. Other sub processes include:
· Dewatering and dry stack tailings disposal system (combined with waste rock disposal);
· Water, air and ancillary services; and
· Spodumene concentrate stockpile and dispatch system
The ROM ore will be fed to a three-stage crushing plant consisting of a primary jaw crusher, a secondary crusher and tertiary crusher. Prior to feeding the DMS cyclones, the material will be mixed with a ferrosilicon slurry, which acts as a densifying medium to enhance the gravity separation of the spodumene. The process flowsheet is illustrated in Figure 3 below.
*Figure 3: James Bay process flowsheet *
*Final Product Grade *
Metallurgical test work was conducted by SGS Canada Inc. and Nagrom to determine optimal plant operating recoveries. For a final spodumene concentrate grading 5.6% Li[2]O, modelling indicates that a recovery of 69.6% in the early years and 66.9% in later operating years is a reasonable assumption.
In line with this market demand, project economics are based on the production and sale of a 5.6% Li[2]O final product grade. This product grade yields higher recoveries and revenues associated with higher concentrate production.
James Bay will produce an average of 311 ktpa of spodumene concentrate for 19 years and retains ultimate flexibility to produce final product grade consistent with market and customer demand. Allkem’s final product specification will ultimately be determined in consultation with its customers.
*INFRASTRUCTURE*
Waste Rock and Tailings Storage facility engineering was performed by WSP Ltd. (“*WSP*”) and site infrastructure engineering was performed by G Mining Services Inc.
*Mine Infrastructure *
The site infrastructure will include:
· ROM pad
· Crushed ore covered stockpile
· Four Waste Rock Tailings Storage Facilities
· Overburden and peat storage area (“*OPSF*”)
· Two Water Management Ponds and Plant Water Management Pond
· Contact water ditches and non-contact diversion water ditches
· Fine and coarse tailing bins
· Spodumene concentrate warehouse
· Explosive storage building
The ROM stockpile and spodumene concentrate warehouse will be located adjacent to the process plant. All storage areas were selected to minimise their environmental impact. A surface drainage network will be built to divert non-contact water from the ROM pad and stockpile, WRTSF, OPSF stockpiles and process plant. The same strategy will be used to manage the surface water run-off (contact) for all disturbed land.
*Supporting Infrastructure & Logistics*
The following infrastructure facilities are planned for the Project:
· 69 kV main-substation
· Laboratory building
· Accommodation camp
· Workshop and reagent buildings
· Storage and communication facilities
· Distribution facility for heating
· Potable water and sewage treatment plants
· Effluent water treatment plant
The process plant and supporting infrastructure will predominantly be powered by Hydro-Québec’s 69 kV overhead distribution system. An overhead distribution line extension has been built to the plant substation from the 69 kV line (L-614) located 10km south of the Project site. The 69 kV power supply is limited by a capacity of 8 MVA due to the sensitivity of the network and distance from the substation.
The Project is also accessible all year-round via the paved Billy Diamond Highway which allows oversized haul trucking to and from site, including the town of Matagami, located 382 km south of the Project. Matagami is connected to a major railway, the Canadian National Railway network, allowing future production to be railed to various locations in North America or any port along the Saint Lawrence River for international shipment.
The Eastmain airport is located 130 km from site and will be used to transport staff and contractors from major centres in southern Québec. Discussions are underway with Transport Canada about necessary upgrades required to create more regular aerial services to support future operations. Fuel and accommodation are also available at the “Relais Routier Km 381” Truck Stop, a sizeable facility, located adjacent to the Project site.
*FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE*
*Capital and Operating Costs *
Capital and operating cost forecasts were completed by SLR, GMS and Wave, incorporating engineering undertaken by other contributors.
The total initial project development capital expenditure (“*CAPEX*”) is estimated to be US$381.5 million. The CAPEX forecast has been prepared to reflect optimised site layouts, mine scheduling, plant and equipment design, supply and installation. The estimate is detailed in Table 4 and includes processing, mine equipment purchases, infrastructure, contingency and other direct and indirect costs. Deferred CAPEX is also required during operations for additional equipment purchases, a truck shop bay addition, and mine civil works. A pre-production cost of US$29.5 million has also been estimated in addition to the initial CAPEX which comprises of costs associated with overburden and waste stripping, and building the initial inventory for commissioning and startup of operations.
Operating costs (“*OPEX*”) are estimated to be US$407 per tonne of concentrate (FOB Montreal). OPEX includes mining, processing, general and administrative services and concentrate transportation as detailed in Table 4.
Sustaining capex is estimated at US$151M for the life of mine of the Project.
*Table 4: Capital Cost Estimates and Operating Cost Estimate*
*Capital Costs * *US$ M* *Operating Costs * *US$ / tonne of
concentrate*
*Initial CAPEX (US$ M)* Mining 124.4
001 – General 1.4 Processing 86.8
100 - Infrastructure* * 47.2 General and administration 88.0
200 - Power and Electrical* * 45.4 Concentrate transportation 107.9
300 - Water* * 27.3 *Total* *407.1*
400 - Surface Operations* * 8.4
500 - Mining Open Pit* * 32.3
600 - Process Plant* * 84.5
700 - Construction Indirects* * 73.4
800 - General Services* * 34.3
900 - Start-up, Commissioning* * 4.9
990 - Contingency* * 22.4
*Total CAPEX* *381.5*
Note: The totals above may not add up due to rounding errors
Since the release of the Feasibility Study in 2021, work undertaken has improved the accuracy of the capital and operating costs, particularly in relation to mining, processing, and concentrate transport costs. The key observations include:
· Increased labour rates throughout all trades (reflecting market conditions)
· Increased mechanical and electrical equipment costs (based on firm price bid received)
· Increase in Hydro-Quebec powerline costs (reflecting market conditions)
· Increase in accommodation and transport costs (reflecting market conditions)
· Increase in fuel-associated cost (unit cost reflecting market conditions)
*Spodumene Pricing Forecast *
Lithium has diverse applications including ceramic glazes, enamels, lubricating greases, and as a catalyst. Demand in traditional sectors grew by approximately 4% CAGR from 2020 to 2022. Rechargeable batteries dominate lithium usage which accounted for 80% of demand in 2022, with 58% attributed to automotive applications. Industry consultant, Wood Mackenzie (“*Woodmac*") estimates growth in the lithium market of 11% CAGR between 2023-2033 for total lithium demand, 13% for automotive, and 7% for other applications.
Historical underinvestment and strong EV demand have created a supply deficit, influencing prices and investment in additional supply. Market balance remains uncertain due to project delays and cost overruns. The market is forecast to be in deficit in 2024, have a fragile surplus in 2025, and a sustained deficit from 2033.
Prices have fluctuated in 2022-2023, with factors like plateauing EV sales, Chinese production slowdown, and supply chain destocking influencing trends. Woodmac notes that battery grade carbonate prices are linked to demand growth for LFP cathode batteries and are expected to decline but rebound by 2031. Lithium Hydroxide's growth supports a strong demand outlook, with long-term prices between US$25,000 and US$35,000 per tonne (real US$ 2023 terms). Chemical grade spodumene concentrate prices are expected to align with market imbalances, with a long-term price forecast between US$2,000 per tonne and US$3,000 per tonne (real US$ 2023 terms).
Allkem has relied on external spodumene concentrate price forecasts provided by Woodmac for this feasibility study update.
*PROJECT ECONOMICS*
An economic analysis was developed using the discounted cash flow method and was based on the data and assumptions for capital and operating costs detailed in this report for mining, processing and associated infrastructure.
The basis of forecast spodumene pricing was provided by Woodmac for the period 2023 to 2033, with a longer-term price of US$2,107 used from 2033 onwards for 6.0% Li[2]O. Adjustments were made to these prices to reflect the 5.6% Li[2]O spodumene concentrate to be produced at James Bay based on Allkem experience at Mt Cattlin.
The evaluation was undertaken on a 100% equity basis. The key assumptions and results of the economic evaluation are listed in Table 5 and Table 6 below.
*Table 5: Key assumptions utilised in the project economics*
*Assumption * *Units* *Feasibility Study *
Annual Spodumene Concentrate Production^1 kt 311
Commercial Production Estimate Years 19
Discount Rate % 8
CAPEX US$M 381.5
OPEX US$/ tonne conc. 407
Average Selling Price^2 US$/ tonne conc. 1,921
Exchange rate US$:CAD 1.33
^1 Final product grade of 5.6% Li[2]O
^2 Based on Average LOM spodumene price (US$2,022 per t) forecast provided from Woodmac, adjusted for 5.6% Li[2]O grade.
*Table 6: Summary of Financials over the estimated LOM*
*Financial Summary * *Units* *Feasibility Study *
NPV (Pre-tax) US$M 2,947
NPV (Post-tax) US$M 1,687
IRR (Pre-tax) % 62.2
IRR (Post-tax) % 45.4
Payback Period (Pre-tax) Years 1.4
Payback Period (Post-tax) Years 1.7
Capital Intensity (processing) US$ / dmtpa 191
NPV: Development Capex (Post-tax) X: 1 4.4:1
*Sensitivity Analysis *
As displayed in Table 6, the Feasibility Study demonstrates strong financial outcomes with a Post-tax NPV[8% real] of US$1,687 million and IRR of 45.4%. Figure 4 analyses the impact on NPV when spodumene pricing, operating costs, capital costs, recovery, head grade fluctuate between +/- 20%. The NPV of the project is most sensitive to movements in the price of spodumene and foreign exchange fluctuations, followed by operating costs and development capital costs.
*Figure 4: Pre-tax NPV Sensitivity Analysis*
*ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS*
Environmental and Permitting work packages were performed by WSP Canada Inc., a global professional services and engineering firm with environmental expertise and significant experience in facilitating project approvals and development projects.
*Carbon Emissions Management *
Allkem is committed to the transition to net zero emissions by 2035 and is progressively implementing actions across the group to achieve this target. Each project within the group will contribute to this target in a different, but site appropriate manner.
As a greenfield project, James Bay has a unique opportunity to build a low carbon operation. The location of the project will provide access to hydro power supplied by Hydro Québec which delivers a significant advance in the overall decarbonisation of the project.
Future studies will focus on opportunities to increase the proportion of sustainable energy available to the project which will further reduce operational carbon emissions. The primary area to be investigated will be the supply of additional hydro power which may allow the potential conversion of the mining fleet and all site facilities away from fossil fuels. Allkem will work with project partners to identify and develop further emissions reduction opportunities within the project supply chain mostly around the availability of battery-power mobile equipment capable of operating in cold weather conditions. Additional studies are also planned to replace petroleum hydrocarbons used for heating during cold winter weather with renewable sources.
Allkem will also engage with the Québec government which has demonstrated a strong commitment for renewable energy with the “2030 Plan for a Green Economy”. The goals of this plan are aligned with Allkem’s commitment to net zero via the replacement of fossil fuels in transport, buildings and industrial activity. The Québec government has also committed to develop and consolidate energy networks through the territory, particularly for critical and strategic mineral developments.
*Regulations and Permitting *
The Project is subject to a federal and provincial environmental assessment, which must be consistent with the James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement (“*JBNQA*”). In January 2023, the federal Minister for the Environment and Climate Change issued federal authorisation for the Project. Allkem is now awaiting the issuance of provincial authorisation by the Government of Québec following completion of the environmental and social impact assessment and review process by the COMEX. Once the ESIA is approved, auxiliary 4 construction permits will be submitted for approval prior to commencing construction at James Bay.
*Community Engagement *
The Cree Nation community of Eastmain located 130 km east of the Project site is the nearest major community to the site. The Company has a strong working relationship with the Cree Nation of Eastmain and conducts regular and meaningful engagement and consultation with the Cree Nation.
On 18 March 2019, a Preliminary Development Agreement (“*PDA*”) was signed with the Cree Nation of Eastmain, Grand Council of the Cree and Cree Nation Government. The PDA will be replaced by an Impact Benefit Agreement (“*IBA*”), which is currently being negotiated, before construction is initiated.
Further engagement with the Cree Nation Government and stakeholders, including the communities of Waskaganish and Waswanipi, continue in relation to project updates. The project will create approximately 250 full-time positions in the Eeyou Istchee/James Bay region.
*EXECUTION STRATEGY*
The Project Execution Strategy has been determined by an integrated team between Allkem, GMS, Wave and selected key contractors. Detailed engineering and procurement activities are 80% complete providing strong support for the updated cost estimate. It is estimated project construction will take approximately 19 months once authorisation is obtained. The majority (+80%) of mobile, fixed mechanical and electrical equipment have been procured. Contractors’ selection commenced after engineering was well advanced (above 60%). Key contractors for all disciplines have been selected and final negotiations are in progress. It is planned to integrate contractors into the final stages of the design and planning the construction work with Allkem.
*Funding *
Funding is expected to be provided through one or more of the following:
· existing corporate cash;
· existing or new corporate debt or project finance facilities;
· cash flow from operations;
· strategic offtake partner(s).
This release was authorised by Mr Martin Perez de Solay, CEO and Managing Director of Allkem Limited.*Allkem Limited*
ABN 31 112 589 910
Level 35, 71 Eagle St
Brisbane, QLD 4000 *Investor Relations & Media Enquiries*
Andrew Barber
*M: +*61 418 783 701 *E: *Andrew.Barber@allkem.co
Phoebe Lee
*P: *+61 7 3064 3600* E**:* Phoebe.Lee@allkem.co *Connect*
info@allkem.co
+61 7 3064 3600
www.allkem.co
*IMPORTANT NOTICES*
This investor ASX/TSX release (Release) has been prepared by Allkem Limited (ACN 112 589 910) (the Company or Allkem). It contains general information about the Company as at the date of this Release. The information in this Release should not be considered to be comprehensive or to comprise all of the material which a shareholder or potential investor in the Company may require in order to determine whether to deal in Shares of Allkem. The information in this Release is of a general nature only and does not purport to be complete. It should be read in conjunction with the Company’s periodic and continuous disclosure announcements which are available at allkem.co and with the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) announcements, which are available at www.asx.com.au.
This Release does not take into account the financial situation, investment objectives, tax situation or particular needs of any person and nothing contained in this Release constitutes investment, legal, tax, accounting or other advice, nor does it contain all the information which would be required in a disclosure document or prospectus prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (Corporations Act). Readers or recipients of this Release should, before making any decisions in relation to their investment or potential investment in the Company, consider the appropriateness of the information having regard to their own individual investment objectives and financial situation and seek their own professional investment, legal, taxation and accounting advice appropriate to their particular circumstances.
This Release does not constitute or form part of any offer, invitation, solicitation or recommendation to acquire, purchase, subscribe for, sell or otherwise dispose of, or issue, any Shares or any other financial product. Further, this Release does not constitute financial product, investment advice (nor tax, accounting or legal advice) or recommendation, nor shall it or any part of it or the fact of its distribution form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract or investment decision.
The distribution of this Release in other jurisdictions outside Australia may also be restricted by law and any restrictions should be observed. Any failure to comply with such restrictions may constitute a violation of applicable securities laws.
Past performance information given in this Release is given for illustrative purposes only and should not be relied upon as (and is not) an indication of future performance.
*Forward Looking Statements*
This news release contains “forward-looking information” under the provisions of applicable securities legislation. Such forward-looking information is subject to various risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking information in this news release includes, but is not limited to, statements with respect to: (i) the economics and potential returns associated with the Project; (ii) the estimation of ore reserves and mineral resources; (iii) the technical viability of the Project; (iv) the market and future price of spodumene concentrate and other commodities; (v) the ability to work cooperatively with other stakeholders, including local community groups and all levels of government; (vi) projected employment and other social benefits resulting from the Project; and (vii) the results of the Feasibility Study, including statements about future production, mining methods, future operating and capital costs, the projected IRR, NPV, construction timelines, permit timelines and production timelines for the Project. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and beliefs and, by their nature, are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results, performances and achievements to differ materially from any expected future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to, the risk of further changes in government regulations, policies or legislation; the risks associated with the continued implementation of the merger between Orocobre Limited and Galaxy Resources Ltd, risks that further funding may be required, but unavailable, for the ongoing development of the Company’s projects; fluctuations or decreases in commodity prices; uncertainty in the estimation, economic viability, recoverability and processing of mineral resources; risks associated with development of the Company Projects; unexpected capital or operating cost increases; uncertainty of meeting anticipated program milestones at the Company’s Projects; risks associated with investment in publicly listed companies, such as the Company; and risks associated with general economic conditions.
Forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and, subject to any continuing obligation under applicable law or relevant listing rules of the ASX/TSX, the Company disclaims any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements in this Release to reflect any change in expectations in relation to any forward-looking statements or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based. Nothing in this Release shall under any circumstances (including by reason of this Release remaining available and not being superseded or replaced by any other Release or publication with respect to the subject matter of this Release), create an implication that there has been no change in the affairs of the Company since the date of this Release.
*Competent Person Statement *
The information in this announcement that relates to Mineral Resources is based on information compiled and supervised by Luke Evans, P.Eng, a Competent Person who is a member of L’Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec (License No. 105567). Mr. Evans is a full-time employee of SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. Mr. Evans has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralization and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr. Evans consents to the inclusion in this announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this announcement that relates to the Ore Reserves is based on information compiled by Mr. Normand Lecuyer, P. Eng., a Competent Person who is a Member of L’Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec (License No. 34914), a Recognised Professional Organisation included in a list posted on the ASX website from time to time. Mr Lecuyer is an employee of SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. Mr Lecuyer has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Lecuyer consents to the inclusion in this announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
Technical information relating to the Company’s James Bay project contained in this release is derived from, and in some instances is an extract from, the technical report entitled “James Bay Project - Feasibility Study Update” (Technical Report) which has been reviewed and approved by Luke Evans, P.Eng. (SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd.) as it relates to property, geology, drilling, sampling, exploration, QA/QC and mineral resources: Joel Lacelle, P. Eng. (G-Mining Services Inc.); as it relates to site infrastructure and capital cost estimate: Normand Lecuyer, P. Eng. (SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd.); as it relates to mining methods, mining cost, mining opex, financial modelling and economic analysis: Jeremy Ison, P.Eng. (Wave International); as it relates to mineral processing and related infrastructures: Darrin Johnson, P. Eng. (WSP Canada Ltd.); as it relates to waste rock and tailings management related infrastructures: Joao Paulo Lutti, Eng. (WSP Canada Ltd); as it relates to water management infrastructures: Pierre Groleau Eng. (WSP Canada Inc.); as it relates to environmental and permitting in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards for Disclosure for Mineral Projects. The Technical Report will be available for review under the Company’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
*JORC Code 2012 and NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure Commentary*
There are differences in terminology from the JORC Code compared to the CIM Definition Standards. The term “Ore Reserves” in the JORC Code is substantially equivalent to “Mineral Reserves” using the CIM Definition Standards, and the term “Proved Ore Reserves” in the JORC Code is substantially equivalent to “Proven Mineral Reserves” using the CIM Definition Standards.
The only relevant reporting differences are that National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects reporting requirements require each category of Mineral Reserves (Ore Reserves) and Mineral Resources to be reported separately, and do not permit Inferred Mineral Resources to be added to other Mineral Resource categories. Consequently, Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources have been reported separately from Inferred Mineral Resources. Ore Reserves reported herein are classified in a manner consistent with the requirements of the JORC Code. The JORC Code differs from CIM in that it permits Ore Reserves to be estimated as inclusive of marginally economic material and diluting material (including Inferred) delivered for treatment or dispatched from the mine without treatment, and on the basis that such material does not materially contribute to the economic assessment of any study. It should be noted that Ore Reserves for the James Bay project do not include any Inferred Mineral Resources.
While NI 43-101 restricts the inclusion of inferred material in an economic analysis it does permit for Resources and Reserves to be classified and reported in accordance with acceptable foreign standards, including the JORC Code.
*Not for release or distribution in the United States*
This announcement has been prepared for publication in Australia and may not be released to U.S. wire services or distributed in the United States. This announcement does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, securities in the United States or any other jurisdiction, and neither this announcement or anything attached to this announcement shall form the basis of any contract or commitment.
*APPENDIX A – JORC 2012 TABLE 1 DISCLOSURE*
*Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data*
JAMES BAY LITHIUM PROJECT SAMPLING AND DATA
*Sampling techniques* Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or specific specialized industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc.). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
Aspects of the determination of mineralization that are Material to the Public Report.
In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be relatively simple (e.g. ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverized to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases, more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralization types (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. *2008/2009 Exploration Drilling – Lithium One *
Lithium One (subsequently acquired by Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc.) drilled a total of 102 diamond drill holes for 13,487 m on a pattern ranging between 50 m and 60 m spacing. Drill holes were for the most part inclined towards the southeast to intersect the spodumene mineralization perpendicular to the dyke geometry. Drill hole diameter was NQ.
The 2008/2009 drill hole collars were initially surveyed by handheld GPS, and subsequently resurveyed using RTK by Galaxy Lithium Canada in 2017. A total of 84 out of 102 drill holes were located and resurveyed by RTK.
Downhole survey methods for the 2008 drilling are unknown, however downhole surveying in 2009 was conducted at 3 m intervals using a REFLEX Flexit tool.
*2009/2010 Channel Sampling – Lithium One*
Surface outcrops of pegmatite were channel sampled in 2009 and 2010 using a dual-blade diamond saw to ensure consistent widths during cutting. A total of 53 channel samples were collected for a combined length of 810 m. Channel lengths ranged from 2 m to 41 m, and sampling was conducted on 1.5 m intervals. Channel samples were terminated at the contact with surrounding lithologies.
*2017 Resource Definition Drilling – Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc.*
Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc. conducted a program of infill and extensional diamond drilling in 2017 with 157 holes drilled for a total meterage of 33,339 m. Drill hole diameter was NQ. All drill hole collars were resurveyed using a RTK method. Downhole surveys were recorded every 3 m using a multi-shot camera (REFLEX EZ-TRAC).
*2017/2018 Geotechnical and Metallurgical Drilling – Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc.*
Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc. conducted a program of diamond drilling in 2017 and 2018, with 102 holes drilled for a total meterage of 10,900 m. Drill hole diameter was HQ for metallurgical drill holes, and NQ for the remaining geotechnical holes.
*
2021 - 2023 Sterilisation, Exploration and Resource Delineation Drilling – Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc.*
Galaxy Lithium (Canada) Inc. conducted two programs of diamond drilling during the winter of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023, with 231 holes drilled for a total meterage of 43,600 m. Drill hole diameter was NQ and drilling was undertaker by Major Drilling. All drill hole collars were resurveyed using a RTK method by an independent land surveyor. Downhole surveys were recorded every 3 m using a multi-shot camera (REFLEX EZ-TRAC) or a gyroscope.
*Drilling techniques* Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc.) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc.). *Diamond Drilling*:
Drilling campaigns between 2008 and 2018 were conducted by Chibougamou Drilling using either NQ or HQ drilling diameters. Triple tubing was not necessary as the rock is fresh and highly competent starting from the base of the overburden. Recoveries were excellent (> 95%).
Drilling campaigns conducted between 2021 and 2023 were carried out by Major Drilling using NQ drill diameter.
Exploration and resource definition drill holes vary in depth from 50 m to 300 m, with the occasional deep exploration hole up to 500 m depth.
Metallurgical drill holes are HQ diameter and vary in depth between 10 m and 105 m.
Geotechnical and sterilisation drill holes are NQ diameter and are generally 70 m to 120 m deep.
*Logging* Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc.) photography.
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. All drill core processing was performed at the Relais Routier Km 381 Truck Stop, with logging and sampling conducted by employees and contractors of GLCI. Lithology, structure, mineralization, sample number, and location were recorded by the geologists in a GeoticLog log database, with a backup stored on an external hard drive for additional security.
Drill core was stored in wooden core boxes and delivered to the core logging facility at the camp twice daily by the drill contractor. The drill core was first aligned and measured for core recovery by a technician, followed by RQD measurements. Due to the hardness of the pegmatite units, the recovery of the drill core was generally very good, averaging over 95%. The core was then logged, and sampling intervals were defined by the geologist. Before sampling, the core was photographed using a digital camera and core boxes were marked with box number, hole ID, and aluminium tags indicating “from” and “to” measurements. All drill holes were logged in full.
*Sub- sampling techniques and sample preparation* If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and whether sampled wet or dry.
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled. *2008/2009 Drilling and Channel Sampling
*
Standardized core sampling protocols were used by Lithium One. Initially, during the 2008 drilling program, core was sampled at 2.5 m intervals, and subsequently at 1.5 m intervals. A selective sampling procedure was used based on lithological contacts, where the maximum (and most common) sample interval was 1.5 m. Shorter samples were collected to define geological domains. Channel samples were also sampled at 1.5 m intervals.
Sample intervals were marked by appropriately qualified geologists. Two sample tags were placed at the beginning of each sample interval, while a third copy remained in the sample booklet along with the associated “from” and “to” information recorded by the geologist.
A geo-technician was responsible for core cutting and for preparing the samples for dispatch to the preparation laboratory – Table Jamésienne de Concertation Minière in Chibougamau (TJCM). Assay samples were collected on half-core sawed lengthwise using a diamond saw; the remaining half was replaced in the core box for future reference. Quarter core duplicates were collected frequently.
*2017/2018 Drilling
*
Sample intervals were determined based on observations of the lithology and mineralization and were marked and tagged by the geologist. The typical sample length was 1.5 m but varied according to lithological contacts between the mineralized pegmatite and the country rock. In general, one country rock sample was collected from each side of the contact with the pegmatite.
The drill core was split lengthwise; one half was placed in a plastic bag with a sample tag, and the other half was left in the core box with a second sample tag for reference. The third sample tag was archived on site. The samples were then catalogued and placed in rice bags for shipping. Sample shipment forms were prepared on site, with one copy inserted with the shipment and a second copy given to the carrier. One copy was kept for reference.
The samples were transported regularly by contractors’ truck directly to the ALS Canada Ltd – ALS Minerals laboratory in Val-d’Or, Québec. At the ALS facility, the sample shipment was verified, and a confirmation of receipt of shipment and content was sent digitally to the Galaxy project manager.
The sample sizes (half-core, NQ diameter) are appropriate for the style, thickness and consistency of the mineralization at the James Bay Lithium Project.
*2021 – 2023 Drilling
*
Sampling techniques and preparation were consistent with the 2017/2018 drilling campaigns, with sampling lengths reduced to 1 m within pegmatite lithologies.
*Quality of assay data and laboratory tests * The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc., the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established. *2008 - 2010 Assaying
*
Samples were shipped from site in secure containers to Table Jamésienne de Concertation Minière (TJCM) in Chibougamau for preparation. The protocol for sample preparation involved weighing, drying, crushing, splitting and pulverizing.
The pulverized pegmatite core samples were shipped from the TJCM to the COREM Research Laboratory (COREM) in Québec City. COREM was accredited ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by the Standards Council of Canada for various testing procedures on April 30, 2009. The scope of accreditation did not include the specific testing procedures used by COREM to assay lithium (method code B23).
Lithium One also utilized SGS Mineral Services Lakefield Laboratory (SGS) as an umpire laboratory to monitor the reliability of assaying results delivered by the primary laboratory COREM.
At COREM, prepared samples were assayed using three-acid digestion (nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid) in boiling water. The dissolved sample was analysed by atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry. At SGS, check samples were assayed by sodium peroxide fusion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. At ALS Minerals, prepared samples were assayed using four-acid digestion (perchloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid) with ICP-AES finish. Although a four-acid digest is considered a near-total digest, common practice for the analysis of pegmatite material is a sodium-peroxide fusion. Significant verification test work has been undertaken and has demonstrated that the acid digest method is robust, and no bias has been observed when compared to the sodium-peroxide fusion check assays.
Samples from 2008 – 2010 represent roughly 14% of the total meterage of the drilling on the project.
*2008 - 2010 QA/QC*
Lithium One relied partly on the internal analytical quality control measures implemented by COREM laboratory. Additionally, Lithium One implemented external analytical quality control measures consisting of using control samples (field blanks, in house standards and field duplicates) inserted with sample batches submitted for assaying in 2009 and 2010, and coarse reject duplicate samples in 2008. Standards were non-certified and were custom-made from a bulk sample of the outcropping pegmatite material from the project.
Field duplicates were generated from quarter core samples and inserted every 40 samples.
Total insertion rate for QA/QC in 2008 – 2010 was 4.2%, with an additional 2.6% when including umpire assays.
Although the insertion rate of QA/QC in 2008 – 2010 was below industry standards, subsequent check assays have shown that the assay results are valid. Also, the results from the limited QA/QC undertaken at the time of drilling show no issues.
*2017/2018 Assaying
*
Samples were shipped to ALS Minerals in Val-d’Or for preparation and analyses. The laboratory is accredited ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by the Standards Council of Canada for various testing procedures, however, the scope of accreditation does not include the specific testing procedure used to assay lithium.
Sample preparation involved the sample material being weighed and crushed to 70% passing 2 mm. The ground material was then pulverized to 90% passing 75 microns before being analysed.
At ALS Minerals, prepared samples were assayed for mineralization grade lithium by specialized four-acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) finish (method code Li-OG63). An approximately 0.4-g sample was first digested with perchloric, hydrofluoric, and nitric acid until dry. The residue was subsequently re-digested in concentrated hydrochloric acid, cooled and topped up to volume. Finally, the samples were analysed for lithium by ICP-AES. The method used has a lower detection limit of 0.005% lithium and an upper limit of 10% lithium.
Samples from 2017 represent roughly 44% of the total meterage of the drilling on the project.
*2017/2018 QA/QC
*
GLCI relied partly on the internal analytical quality control measures implemented by the ALS Minerals laboratory, which involved routine pulp duplicate analyses. GLCI also implemented external analytical quality control measures including the insertion of control samples (blanks, in house standards and field duplicates) with sample batches submitted for assaying at ALS Minerals in 2017. In 2017, a number of pulp samples were also re-submitted to the SGS laboratory in Lakefield, Ontario for umpire check assays. In 2020, additional pulp samples were resubmitted to Nagrom Analytical, Perth.
Duplicate samples were inserted into each sample series at a rate of one in every 20 samples. Duplicates corresponded to a quarter core from the sample left behind as reference.
Total insertion rate for QA/QC in 2017 was 12.4%, with which increases up to 16.6% when including umpire assays.
The rate of insertion of QA/QC samples in 2017 was much improved compared to 2008 – 2010 period. No biases were identified, and a minor failure was identified in the low-grade standard, which was investigated and no issues were identified.
*2021 - 2023 Assaying*
Samples were shipped to ALS Minerals in Val-d’Or for preparation and analyses. The laboratory is accredited ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by the Standards Council of Canada for various testing procedures, however, the scope of accreditation does not include the specific testing procedure used to assay lithium.
Sample preparation (code PREP-31A) involved the sample material being weighed and crushed to 70% passing 2 mm, with a riffle split of 250 g pulverized to 85% passing 75 microns before being analysed.
At ALS Minerals, prepared samples were assayed for mineralization-grade lithium by sodium-peroxide fusion and digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) finish (method code ME-ICP81). The method used has a lower detection limit of 0.001% lithium and an upper limit of 10% lithium.
Samples from 2021 - 2023 represent roughly 42% of the total meterage of the drilling on the project.
*2021 - 2023 QA/QC*
GLCI implemented external analytical quality control measures including the insertion of control samples (blanks and in house standards) with sample batches submitted for assaying at ALS Minerals at a rate of 1 QA/QC sample for every 9 samples.
A number of pulp samples were also re-submitted to the SGS laboratory in Lakefield, Ontario for umpire check assays.
Total insertion rate for QAQC between 2021 and 2023 was roughly 12% when including umpire assays.
No biases were identified, and two minor blank failures were identified and a re-analysis was requested. The re-analyses returned similar results to the original assays.*Verification of sampling and assaying* The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.
The use of twinned holes.
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data. James Purchase, P. Geo, Geology Manager for Galaxy Lithium Canada Inc. has visually assessed and verified the drilling results and protocols described in this announcement and has witnessed outcropping spodumene mineralization in the field. A selection of drill collar coordinates was validated by handheld GPS, and core and sample storage and security facilities were inspected. Channel sample outcrops were also inspected and found to be of high-quality. Mr. Purchase has conducted numerous site visits since 2021, the most recent being in June 2023.
In addition, Luke Evans, P.Eng. of SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. and the Independent CP for the Mineral Resource visited the site in June 2023 and inspected outcrop, drill core and sampling storage facilities.
It should be noted that the drilling between 2021 and 2023 was managed by independent geological contractors and was conducted by professional geologists registered in the Province of Québec.
Data collection and entry procedures were also reviewed and found to be adequate. Various reanalyses of pulps have shown that there are very immaterial differences between analysing using a standard 4-acid digest and a peroxide fusion for the James Bay lithium deposit.
No clear and consistent biases were defined during investigations into QAQC performances, and any failures were duly investigated and found to be minor.
*Location of data points* Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.
Specification of the grid system used.
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. Drill collars were surveys by an external contractor using RTK methodology in UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) Zone 18N. Datum is NAD83.
Downhole surveys were completed using an EZ-TRAC multishot tool provided by REFLEX. Declination (-14.2) was removed to correct the data from magnetic north to geographic north. At the collar, a TN14 tool was used to measure the dip and azimuth of the casing.
Topographic controls are informed by a LiDAR survey completed recently on the project.
*Data Spacing and distribution* Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing has been applied. In the NW Sector, drilling has been completed on a nominal 80 m x 80 m spacing.
Most of the Main Deposit has been drilled at a nominal spacing of approximately 50 m to satisfy the classification as Indicated Mineral Resources.
No sample compositing has been undertaken.
*Orientation of data in relation to geological structure* Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. As the pegmatite dykes in the NW Sector are concealed by 5 m to 15 m of glacial till, it was difficult to accurately orientate the drilling at a perpendicular angle to the pegmatites as limited information was available at the time. As drilling progressed, it become apparent that the drilling was intersecting the pegmatites at a sub-optimal angle, and that the true thickness of pegmatites in drilling represent between 60% to 80% of the apparent thickness (downhole thicknesses). Although this angle is sub-optimal, the author does not believe this has introduced a sampling bias.
The orientation of the dykes is well understood for the remainder of the deposit where outcrop is abundant, and drilling has been oriented perpendicular to the dyke contacts.
*Sample Security* The measures taken to ensure sample security. Drill core, sample rejects and sample pulps are stored in a secure environment (in a locked dome structure) at the Relais Routier 381 truck stop. Sample pulps are stored in a locked container adjacent to the dome.
*Audits or reviews* The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data Sampling techniques were reviewed by previous employees of Galaxy Lithium, and also by James Purchase, P.Geo, the QP of the previous Mineral Resource released in the 2021 feasibility study. In addition, external geological contractors were engaged during drilling activities to monitor the QA/QC data and logging procedures to ensure that industry best practises were followed.
Lastly, Luke Evans, P.Eng. of SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. and the Independent CP for the Mineral Resource visited the site in June 2023 and inspected outcrop, drill core and sampling storage facilities.
*Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results*
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
*Mineral tenement and land tenure status* · Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings.
· The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a license to operate in the area.
The Project comprises two contiguous packages of mining titles located on NTS map sheet 33C03, covering an area of approximately 11,130 hectares (Figure 5). The 224 claims are classified as “map designed claims”, also known as CDC-type claims under the Québec governments mining title classification system and provide the holder the exclusive r